Frequently asked questions
Short and concrete answers about CRA, OT and IEC 62443, cyber insurance, and KSC/NIS2.
CRA and product security
Who does the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) apply to?
The CRA (EU Regulation 2024/2847) applies to manufacturers, importers, and distributors of products with digital elements placed on the European Union market.
What is a product with digital elements?
It is a software or hardware product and its remote data processing solutions, including components placed on the market separately (art. 3 CRA). In practice: hardware, devices, and software that connect to a device or network.
What does art. 14 CRA mean?
Art. 14 requires the manufacturer to report an actively exploited vulnerability: an early warning within 24 hours, a notification within 72 hours, and a final report within 14 days after a patch is made available, to the CSIRT acting as coordinator and to ENISA. It applies from 11 September 2026.
Does the CRA apply to products already on the market?
Full application and CE marking apply from 11 December 2027. The CRA concerns products placed on the market, and the transitional rules for products already available are worth assessing individually for a specific product family.
What is an SBOM?
An SBOM (software bill of materials) is a machine-readable list of software components. The CRA requires it as part of vulnerability handling (Annex I Part II).
What is a PSIRT?
A PSIRT is the team and process for handling product vulnerability reports: intake, triage, issuing patches, and customer communications (advisories).
Does CRA Snapshot give you CRA compliance?
No. CRA Snapshot prepares you for assessment and organizes evidence, but it does not replace the conformity assessment and does not guarantee compliance. The manufacturer is responsible for the EU declaration of conformity and CE marking.
How does CRA Snapshot differ from a legal audit?
CRA Snapshot is a technical and organizational assessment of product readiness. We separate legal interpretations from the technical part; on legal matters we work with advisors and law firms.
OT and IEC 62443
Is IEC 62443 mandatory in Poland?
It is usually not a legally imposed mandatory standard for every company with OT. It is, however, a recognizable language of security evidence for industrial systems and products.
Why does an industrial company need IEC 62443 if it is not explicitly mandatory?
Because industrial clients, auditors, and insurers increasingly ask about it. It provides a common language to show that the OT environment is secured.
How does IT security differ from OT security?
IT protects data and office systems. OT protects industrial processes and control, where process continuity and safety are the priority. Device lifecycles, update capabilities, and tolerance for downtime are different.
What does the OT / IEC 62443 Mini-Gap cover?
A short assessment: remote access, segmentation, accounts, logging, updates, vulnerabilities and backup, industrial client requirements, mapping to IEC 62443 practices, and recommendations for 60–90 days.
Cyber insurance
Do you help buy a cyber policy?
We do not broker insurance sales. We help technically prepare answers and evidence before a conversation with a broker or insurer.
Do you help fill out a cyber questionnaire?
Yes, on the technical side: we explain the questions, flag risky answers, and assemble evidence of controls.
What evidence is usually needed for a cyber questionnaire?
Most often: MFA, backups with a restore test, EDR and logs, management of remote access and privileged accounts, and an incident response procedure.
Can you guarantee that a company will get a policy?
No. The decision is made by the insurer. We help increase readiness and the quality of answers, but we do not guarantee obtaining a policy.
KSC / NIS2
Is KSC 2.0 a directive or an act?
KSC is the Act on the National Cybersecurity System, which implements the EU NIS 2 directive. The obligations of Polish entities arise from the act.
Is every manufacturing company subject to KSC/NIS2?
No. Coverage is determined by the sector (the act's annexes) and the size of the enterprise (art. 5). It is worth checking your status individually, for example with our qualifier.
Does KSC mean you have to implement ISO 27001?
No. ISO 27001 is voluntary. It makes meeting KSC requirements easier thanks to similar risk management principles, but it is not required and does not automatically mean KSC compliance.
Does KSC mean you have to implement IEC 62443?
No. IEC 62443 is not a general statutory obligation. It can be helpful for OT environments as a language of evidence.